銀盾安保集團(tuán)海外執(zhí)行安保服務(wù)

海外市場(chǎng)安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)不但影響著企業(yè)在海外的發(fā)展利益，也造成過(guò)巨大的財(cái)產(chǎn)損失以及痛失親人的慘痛經(jīng)歷，已經(jīng)成為每個(gè)走出國(guó)門的外經(jīng)企業(yè)必須直接面對(duì)并高度重視的話題。企業(yè)只有了解海外的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素和特點(diǎn)，做好防范措施，才能合理應(yīng)對(duì)和規(guī)避風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，降低人員傷害和財(cái)產(chǎn)損失。北京銀盾保安服務(wù)有限公司海外安保項(xiàng)目部針對(duì)海外項(xiàng)目做了詳細(xì)的戰(zhàn)略部署和計(jì)劃安排，正對(duì)海外不安全因素做了全面的分析整理，為了為海外業(yè)務(wù)的順利開(kāi)展奠定了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。

一、現(xiàn)實(shí)背景

（一）合作發(fā)展迅速

近年來(lái)，中國(guó)直接對(duì)外投資規(guī)模增長(zhǎng)迅速，對(duì)“一帶一路”相關(guān)國(guó)家的投資亮點(diǎn)紛呈，對(duì)外承包工程業(yè)務(wù)迅猛增長(zhǎng)。統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示，“十二五”期間，中國(guó)對(duì)外直接投資規(guī)模是“十一五”的2.3倍，不僅為發(fā)展中國(guó)家創(chuàng)造了就業(yè)和稅收，推動(dòng)了相關(guān)產(chǎn)業(yè)轉(zhuǎn)型升級(jí)，改善了基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施條件，也為這些國(guó)家借鑒中國(guó)發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)、深化雙邊關(guān)系、打造命運(yùn)共同體做出了積極貢獻(xiàn)。

（二）安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)頻發(fā)

在實(shí)施“走出去”戰(zhàn)略和“一帶一路”倡議的實(shí)施背景下，我國(guó)外經(jīng)企業(yè)進(jìn)入了全新的資本和產(chǎn)業(yè)合作階段。外經(jīng)企業(yè)在海外市場(chǎng)取得豐碩經(jīng)營(yíng)成果的同時(shí)，國(guó)際安全環(huán)境也發(fā)生著深刻的變化。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，2010－2015年，我國(guó)外經(jīng)企業(yè)共發(fā)生各類境外安全事件345起，并且呈逐年上升趨勢(shì)。據(jù)外交部有關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)顯示，近年來(lái)，中國(guó)在世界各地的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)案件大幅增加，從2012年的36000多起，增長(zhǎng)到2015年的80000多起。根據(jù)某公司“安全動(dòng)態(tài)研究中心”統(tǒng)計(jì)，2004年以來(lái)，海外中資機(jī)構(gòu)遭遇重大暴恐襲擊的事件已達(dá)100多起，并且呈現(xiàn)不斷增長(zhǎng)態(tài)勢(shì)。

二、存在問(wèn)題

（一）體系亟待健全

中國(guó)境外安保治理體系是一項(xiàng)系統(tǒng)工程，中央加強(qiáng)國(guó)家層面的頂層設(shè)計(jì)和統(tǒng)一部署意義重大。目前，國(guó)家層面對(duì)推進(jìn)中國(guó)境外安保治理體系還缺乏清晰的中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)和相應(yīng)的戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃，缺乏政策支持體系、重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，以及實(shí)施路線圖。面對(duì)日益猖獗的恐怖主義威脅，在中國(guó)境外利益遍布全球的現(xiàn)實(shí)面前，中國(guó)境外安保治理體系亟待健全。

（二）領(lǐng)事保護(hù)具有挑戰(zhàn)性

中國(guó)駐外使領(lǐng)館中承擔(dān)領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作的僅有600余人，按2015年個(gè)人出境旅游1.2億人次計(jì)算，平均每名領(lǐng)事官員一年要面向20萬(wàn)人提供可能需要的領(lǐng)事保護(hù)，中國(guó)是1:20萬(wàn)，美國(guó)是1:5000，日本為1:1.2萬(wàn)。在領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作中，外交部領(lǐng)事保護(hù)中心13位工作人員每年要處理約4萬(wàn)件領(lǐng)保案件，這種井噴式的需求具有極大的挑戰(zhàn)性，中國(guó)領(lǐng)事保護(hù)高度依賴東道國(guó)政府的配合，中方無(wú)法全部掌握主動(dòng)權(quán)，因此實(shí)際結(jié)果具有很大的不確定性。特別是在東道國(guó)發(fā)生動(dòng)蕩的情況下，通常無(wú)法保證領(lǐng)事保護(hù)行動(dòng)及時(shí)有效。

（三）缺乏相關(guān)法律保障

目前，中國(guó)還沒(méi)有明確的法律條文規(guī)定民營(yíng)安保企業(yè)在境外的行為權(quán)限范圍。此外，不僅民營(yíng)安保企業(yè)的境外發(fā)展面臨法律困擾，現(xiàn)在國(guó)內(nèi)安保業(yè)也沒(méi)有法律授權(quán)，更沒(méi)有規(guī)范可循。

此外，針對(duì)境外勞務(wù)的相關(guān)立法始終是空白。2010年，商務(wù)部與外交部、國(guó)家發(fā)展改革委、公安部、國(guó)資委、國(guó)家安監(jiān)總局和全國(guó)工商聯(lián)等7個(gè)部門聯(lián)合頒布《境外中資企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)和人員安全管理規(guī)定》，提出“誰(shuí)派出、誰(shuí)負(fù)責(zé)，未經(jīng)培訓(xùn)不得派出”等原則，并設(shè)立了境外安全巡查機(jī)制。雖然外交部負(fù)責(zé)對(duì)境外企業(yè)安全工作實(shí)施考評(píng)，但企業(yè)涉外業(yè)務(wù)資質(zhì)則由商務(wù)部負(fù)責(zé)。

由于上述規(guī)定中未明確指出企業(yè)境外安保達(dá)標(biāo)細(xì)則，導(dǎo)致該規(guī)定責(zé)任不明，約束力不足，安全巡查機(jī)制形同虛設(shè)。  

（四）安保投入嚴(yán)重不足

一個(gè)正常的項(xiàng)目科目必須有科目進(jìn)行列支，以建筑企業(yè)為例，項(xiàng)目的列支無(wú)論是在海外還是國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)施，都是根據(jù)住房和城鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)部下達(dá)的概預(yù)算標(biāo)準(zhǔn)進(jìn)行列消，同時(shí)財(cái)政部、發(fā)改委、審計(jì)署對(duì)項(xiàng)目審查也是根據(jù)上述的概預(yù)算進(jìn)行審查。

在國(guó)內(nèi)實(shí)施項(xiàng)目不用考慮到安全開(kāi)支，而海外項(xiàng)目的開(kāi)支又沒(méi)有類似的科目，只能放在管理費(fèi)和臨時(shí)建設(shè)里面，且沒(méi)有明確的比例。雖然2005年商務(wù)部、外交部和國(guó)資委聯(lián)合行文以規(guī)范文件的形式要求企業(yè)把安全防護(hù)費(fèi)用計(jì)入成本，推行符合國(guó)際慣例的合同條款，但很多中資企業(yè)仍存僥幸心理，存在“大預(yù)算小投入，小預(yù)算零投入”的現(xiàn)象。

然而，發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家企業(yè)建設(shè)和經(jīng)營(yíng)境外項(xiàng)目均考量安全成本，一般是總成本的10%-20%，他們寧愿加大投入，在事前進(jìn)行安全評(píng)估，也不愿事中不計(jì)成本和事后亡羊補(bǔ)牢。

施工類企業(yè)屬勞動(dòng)密集型企業(yè)，受到安全攻擊的概率最大。而施工生產(chǎn)安全在國(guó)內(nèi)施工安全費(fèi)用規(guī)定是1.5%，但海外大型項(xiàng)目的最終利潤(rùn)只有5%。如果國(guó)家不從上層建筑協(xié)調(diào)各部委的關(guān)系，企業(yè)難以自發(fā)解決海外安全高投入的問(wèn)題。

（五）安保咨詢和服務(wù)缺乏

目前，中國(guó)國(guó)內(nèi)缺乏經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、專業(yè)化、國(guó)際化的境外安保咨詢和服務(wù)提供商，國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)真正開(kāi)展境外業(yè)務(wù)的不超過(guò)20家，且從業(yè)人員流動(dòng)性大、英語(yǔ)能力差。同時(shí)，由于國(guó)家對(duì)安保企業(yè)沒(méi)有一套完整的制度指導(dǎo)，國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)還受到外派簽證和法律等一系列問(wèn)題的困擾。

三、出路在哪里

（一）加快頂層設(shè)計(jì) 

國(guó)家高層牽頭，加快中國(guó)境外安保治理體系的頂層設(shè)計(jì)，制定中國(guó)境外安保治理體系戰(zhàn)略規(guī)劃和清晰的中長(zhǎng)期發(fā)展目標(biāo)、政策性支持體系、重點(diǎn)任務(wù)，以及實(shí)施路線圖。

（二）完善相關(guān)立法

國(guó)家應(yīng)修改《境外中資企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)和人員安全管理規(guī)定》，明確界定境外中資企業(yè)安保達(dá)標(biāo)細(xì)則和境外安保投入評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，由外交部、公安部、商務(wù)部、國(guó)家安監(jiān)總局和國(guó)資委五方共同組織年度評(píng)價(jià)。應(yīng)通過(guò)立法向國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)傾斜。例如鼓勵(lì)部隊(duì)和大型民營(yíng)安保企業(yè)建立戰(zhàn)略合作關(guān)系，除接受優(yōu)秀退役士兵就業(yè)外，軍方可協(xié)助培訓(xùn)；對(duì)大型民營(yíng)安保企業(yè)提供開(kāi)放射擊訓(xùn)練的渠道；爭(zhēng)取為外派安保人員的簽證問(wèn)題提供便利等。

（三）建立安保網(wǎng)絡(luò)

通過(guò)構(gòu)建安保網(wǎng)絡(luò)、情報(bào)預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)、安保培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)、醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)、保險(xiǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和安?？萍季W(wǎng)絡(luò)等，邁出健全中國(guó)境外安保治理體系的重要一步。

1.安保網(wǎng)絡(luò)

培育一批具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的知名中國(guó)境外安保咨詢和服務(wù)提供商。推動(dòng)、組織全球境外各地龍頭中資企業(yè)聯(lián)合投資，分散和降低安保成本，打造境外各地安保網(wǎng)絡(luò)。

2.情報(bào)預(yù)警網(wǎng)絡(luò)

搜集境外各地治安情報(bào)用于提前警示，利用國(guó)家、市場(chǎng)等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地圖技術(shù)，為中資企業(yè)提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)、分析和預(yù)警等服務(wù)，并定期對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)、中資機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）和個(gè)人進(jìn)行公益發(fā)布。

3.安保培訓(xùn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

就駐在國(guó)法律、宗教、習(xí)俗等方面，對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)、中資機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）和個(gè)人進(jìn)行公益培訓(xùn)。

4.醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)

在公益服務(wù)方面，針對(duì)國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)、中資機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）和個(gè)人在境外構(gòu)建救助性醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)。同時(shí)，在境外構(gòu)建配套商業(yè)性醫(yī)療網(wǎng)絡(luò)，為國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)集團(tuán)、中資機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）和個(gè)人提供商業(yè)性醫(yī)療服務(wù)。

5.保險(xiǎn)網(wǎng)絡(luò)

在公益服務(wù)方面，通過(guò)非商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)保障國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)、中資機(jī)構(gòu)（企業(yè)）和個(gè)人等受益人的權(quán)益。同時(shí)，與國(guó)有大型保險(xiǎn)企業(yè)進(jìn)行深度戰(zhàn)略合作，進(jìn)行商業(yè)保險(xiǎn)的理賠。按照2015年中國(guó)境外務(wù)工53萬(wàn)人，每人每年收取200元人民幣的強(qiáng)制境外安保險(xiǎn)（假定為出境務(wù)工必備條件）計(jì)算，即有1.06億元人民幣的保險(xiǎn)規(guī)模。

6.安?？萍季W(wǎng)絡(luò)

通過(guò)投資創(chuàng)新，研發(fā)國(guó)際領(lǐng)先的、具有自主知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)的現(xiàn)代安?？萍己驮O(shè)備，為駐外中資企業(yè)提供現(xiàn)代安保技術(shù)保障。

（四）成立中國(guó)境外安保基金 

建立一支中國(guó)境外安?；鹗侵袊?guó)境外安保治理體系的重要抓手和支撐，其定位應(yīng)為國(guó)家級(jí)基金，通過(guò)市場(chǎng)化運(yùn)作，在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、緊急救援、安保安防、情報(bào)預(yù)警、醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生、保險(xiǎn)保障、法律支持、安全培訓(xùn)、安保審計(jì)、遠(yuǎn)程通訊和安?？萍嫉确?wù)領(lǐng)域提供支持。

（五）加大領(lǐng)事保護(hù)投入 

領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作涉及宗教、政治、法律、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、情報(bào)、金融、醫(yī)療、科技等多方面的工作，如果缺乏上述專業(yè)知識(shí)，無(wú)法高效完成領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作。國(guó)家應(yīng)盡快完善領(lǐng)事保護(hù)的制度建議，加大投入，加強(qiáng)駐外領(lǐng)事人員的專業(yè)培訓(xùn)，逐步擴(kuò)大從事領(lǐng)事保護(hù)工作人員的派出數(shù)量。

（六）強(qiáng)化企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控意識(shí)

強(qiáng)化企業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)管控意識(shí)，在政治風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、恐怖主義和社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、經(jīng)濟(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、法律風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、環(huán)境風(fēng)險(xiǎn)和醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生風(fēng)險(xiǎn)等方面加強(qiáng)管控、做好預(yù)案。建議境外中資企業(yè)結(jié)合自身實(shí)際，打造境外安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范的完整鏈條，不僅要制定分層分級(jí)的、完整的、可操作性強(qiáng)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)防范工作規(guī)章制度，還要健全對(duì)突發(fā)事件的應(yīng)急處理機(jī)制，同時(shí)制訂中資企業(yè)境外安全突發(fā)事件應(yīng)急預(yù)案，最終實(shí)現(xiàn)境外中資企業(yè)對(duì)境外項(xiàng)目安全管理的體系化和制度化。

（七）培育國(guó)內(nèi)安保企業(yè)

允許具有國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的中國(guó)安保企業(yè)走出國(guó)門，承擔(dān)更多安全防范任務(wù)，為高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地區(qū)的駐外中資機(jī)構(gòu)和中資企業(yè)提供武裝安全保障，并加強(qiáng)與國(guó)際安保規(guī)范聯(lián)盟的交流與合作。

四、安保模式比較

（一）軍事行動(dòng)

在經(jīng)過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)授權(quán)和索馬里政府同意的前提下，2008年底開(kāi)始，中國(guó)海軍在亞丁灣索馬里海盜頻發(fā)海域護(hù)航，保護(hù)航行在該海域的中國(guó)船舶及世界組織運(yùn)送人道主義物資船舶及人員的安全。但是，中國(guó)海軍目前在非洲派出的護(hù)航編隊(duì)并未接受過(guò)執(zhí)行此類境外安保任務(wù)的專業(yè)訓(xùn)練，缺少足夠的空投能力和人力，這使得他們深入陸地行動(dòng)的能力嚴(yán)重受限。此外，如果在外國(guó)采取軍事行動(dòng)，會(huì)產(chǎn)生一定的政治影響，包括國(guó)際法及在外國(guó)動(dòng)用武力可能引發(fā)的侵犯主權(quán)問(wèn)題，一般需要經(jīng)過(guò)聯(lián)合國(guó)授權(quán)和當(dāng)事國(guó)政府的同意。

（二）外國(guó)專業(yè)安保企業(yè)

大型的國(guó)際專業(yè)安保（安全）企業(yè)，較早針對(duì)中資企業(yè)，特別是一些大型的國(guó)有企業(yè)提供境外安保服務(wù)，內(nèi)容十分廣泛，涵蓋風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估、安全培訓(xùn)、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)保護(hù)、安保審計(jì)、緊急撤退等各種服務(wù)。管理規(guī)范、收費(fèi)高昂是這些外國(guó)專業(yè)安保（安全）企業(yè)特點(diǎn)，他們占據(jù)了中國(guó)境外安保市場(chǎng)的大部分份額。

（三）中國(guó)專業(yè)安保企業(yè)

文化認(rèn)同、語(yǔ)言溝通、政治素養(yǎng)高、專業(yè)技能高、收費(fèi)適中、管理逐步規(guī)范是中國(guó)專業(yè)安保企業(yè)的特點(diǎn)。但中國(guó)專業(yè)安保企業(yè)目前尚缺乏國(guó)際競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力，很難在市場(chǎng)上招募到滿足外語(yǔ)等要求的合格安保人員。

同時(shí)，中國(guó)專業(yè)安保企業(yè)還缺乏足夠的情報(bào)預(yù)警支撐，即通過(guò)國(guó)家、市場(chǎng)等風(fēng)險(xiǎn)地圖技術(shù)，為企業(yè)提供風(fēng)險(xiǎn)監(jiān)測(cè)、分析和預(yù)警等服務(wù)。

北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)武裝護(hù)航簡(jiǎn)介

2014年北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)海上武裝護(hù)航業(yè)務(wù)的開(kāi)展，開(kāi)創(chuàng)了中國(guó)武裝保安為中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋船舶護(hù)航的新篇章，成為國(guó)內(nèi)首批獨(dú)立承攬武裝護(hù)航業(yè)務(wù)的企業(yè)之一，迫使西方海上安保企業(yè)降低護(hù)航費(fèi)用，為中國(guó)遠(yuǎn)洋公司節(jié)省了大量成本支出。

北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)護(hù)航隊(duì)員來(lái)自海軍陸戰(zhàn)隊(duì)、陸軍特種部隊(duì)、武警特警部隊(duì)的優(yōu)秀退伍士兵，通過(guò)嚴(yán)格培訓(xùn)取得了護(hù)航相關(guān)證件，具備獨(dú)立完成護(hù)航任務(wù)的資質(zhì)和能力，以高度的忠誠(chéng)、嚴(yán)格的紀(jì)律、過(guò)硬的素質(zhì)、優(yōu)質(zhì)的服務(wù)得到國(guó)內(nèi)外客戶一致認(rèn)可，受到船員的高度贊譽(yù)。

北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)海事在印度洋各重要中轉(zhuǎn)港口設(shè)立了基地和辦事機(jī)構(gòu)，為船舶提供各種靠港服務(wù)，隨時(shí)為船舶補(bǔ)充食品、淡水、油料等急需物資；

北京調(diào)度中心隨時(shí)為護(hù)航船舶提供準(zhǔn)確的防海盜安全形勢(shì)分析和區(qū)域氣象水文資料；安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估中心可為客戶提供相關(guān)國(guó)家和區(qū)域的安全信息，為中國(guó)赴海外客戶提供正確、科學(xué)的安全風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估報(bào)告和中、英、德等語(yǔ)種的信息支持，并根據(jù)客戶需要制訂危機(jī)處置方案。

公司還創(chuàng)辦了《防海盜信息月報(bào)》、《信息周報(bào)》，為客戶提供及時(shí)可靠的信息支援。北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)海事是私營(yíng)保安公司國(guó)際行為準(zhǔn)則協(xié)會(huì)（ICoCA）及海運(yùn)保安工業(yè)協(xié)會(huì)（SAMI）的首批中國(guó)會(huì)員，是首家通過(guò)英國(guó)勞氏集團(tuán)ISO/PAS 28000/28007體系認(rèn)證的中國(guó)企業(yè)。

北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)保安海外安保業(yè)務(wù)的開(kāi)展，標(biāo)志著中國(guó)武裝保安正式走出國(guó)門，并在國(guó)際安保領(lǐng)域樹(shù)立了銀盾海保的品牌，樹(shù)立了中國(guó)武裝保安的品牌！

除了安保、守衛(wèi)、設(shè)備租賃、海上武裝護(hù)航等，北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)還開(kāi)展了海外培訓(xùn)等相關(guān)服務(wù)。

北京銀盾安保集團(tuán)武裝押運(yùn)事業(yè)部專門從事武裝押運(yùn)的保安服務(wù)企業(yè)，具有一流的裝備和管理體系，是目前國(guó)內(nèi)企業(yè)規(guī)模最大、綜合實(shí)力最強(qiáng)、技術(shù)水平最高的專業(yè)保安押運(yùn)服務(wù)企業(yè)之一，主要業(yè)務(wù)包括特種貨物運(yùn)輸服務(wù)；守衛(wèi)服務(wù)；安全信息咨詢；技術(shù)培訓(xùn)；有價(jià)證券、貴重物品押運(yùn)等。

銀盾安保集團(tuán)全文英文翻譯

Overseas market security risks not only affect the development interests of enterprises overseas, but also cause huge property losses and painful experience of losing loved ones, which has become a topic that every overseas economic enterprise must directly face and attach great importance to. Only when enterprises understand the factors and characteristics of overseas security risks and take preventive measures can they reasonably deal with and avoid risks and reduce personal injury and property losses. The Overseas Security Project Department of Beijing Yindun Security Service Co., Ltd. has made a detailed strategic deployment and plan arrangement for overseas projects, and is making a comprehensive analysis of overseas insecurity factors, laying a solid foundation for the smooth development of overseas business.

1、 Realistic background

（1） Rapid development of cooperation

In recent years, the scale of China's direct overseas investment has grown rapidly, the investment in countries related to the "the Belt and Road" has been highlighted, and the business of overseas contracting projects has grown rapidly. Statistics show that during the "12th Five Year Plan" period, the scale of China's foreign direct investment was 2.3 times that of the "11th Five Year Plan", which not only created jobs and taxes for developing countries, promoted the transformation and upgrading of related industries, improved infrastructure conditions, but also made positive contributions to these countries' learning from China's experience in development, deepening bilateral relations, and building a community of shared future.

（2） Frequent safety risks

In the context of implementing the "going global" strategy and the "the Belt and Road" initiative, China's foreign economic enterprises have entered a new stage of capital and industrial cooperation. While foreign economic enterprises have achieved fruitful business results in overseas markets, the international security environment has also undergone profound changes. According to incomplete statistics, from 2010 to 2015, 345 overseas security incidents of various kinds occurred in China's foreign economic enterprises, with a rising trend year by year. According to relevant data from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, China's consular protection cases around the world have increased significantly in recent years, from more than 36000 in 2012 to more than 80000 in 2015. According to the statistics of the "Security Dynamic Research Center" of a company, since 2004, there have been more than 100 incidents of major violent terrorist attacks against overseas Chinese funded institutions, and they are showing a growing trend.

2、 Problems

（1） The system needs to be improved

China's overseas security governance system is a systematic project, and it is of great significance for the central government to strengthen the top-level design and unified deployment at the national level. At present, there is a lack of clear medium and long-term development goals and corresponding strategic planning, a lack of policy support system, key tasks and implementation roadmap for promoting China's overseas security governance system at the national level. In the face of the increasingly rampant terrorist threat and the reality that China's overseas interests spread all over the world, China's overseas security governance system needs to be improved.

（2） Consular protection is challenging

Only more than 600 Chinese embassies and consulates abroad are responsible for consular protection. Based on 120 million person trips abroad in 2015, on average, each consular officer will provide 200000 people with consular protection that may be needed a year. In China, it is 1:200000, in the United States, it is 1:5000, and in Japan, it is 1:12000. In the work of consular protection, the 13 staff members of the Consular Protection Center of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs deal with about 40000 cases of consular protection every year. This blowout demand is extremely challenging. China's consular protection is highly dependent on the cooperation of the host government, and China cannot fully grasp the initiative. Therefore, the actual results are very uncertain. Especially in the case of turbulence in the host country, it is usually impossible to ensure timely and effective consular protection actions.

（3） Lack of relevant legal protection

At present, China has no clear legal provisions that stipulate the scope of authority of private security enterprises overseas. In addition, not only the overseas development of private security enterprises is facing legal difficulties, but also the domestic security industry has no legal authorization, let alone norms to follow.

In addition, the relevant legislation on overseas labor services has always been blank. In 2010, the Ministry of Commerce, together with the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Public Security, the State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, the State Administration of Work Safety and the All China Federation of Industry and Commerce, jointly promulgated the Provisions on the Safety Management of Overseas Chinese funded Enterprises, Institutions and Personnel, which put forward the principle of "who sends, who is responsible, and who cannot send without training", and set up an overseas security inspection mechanism. Although the Ministry of Foreign Affairs is responsible for evaluating the safety work of overseas enterprises, the Ministry of Commerce is responsible for the qualification of foreign-related business of enterprises.

As the above provisions do not clearly indicate the detailed rules for enterprises' overseas security compliance, the responsibilities of the provisions are unclear, the binding force is insufficient, and the security inspection mechanism is virtually non-existent.

（4） Security investment is seriously insufficient

A normal project account must have an account to be disbursed. Take a construction enterprise as an example. Whether the project is disbursed overseas or domestically, it is listed according to the budget estimate standard issued by the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development. At the same time, the Ministry of Finance, the National Development and Reform Commission and the National Audit Office also review the project according to the above budget estimate.

For projects implemented in China, safety expenditure is not taken into account, while for overseas projects, there is no similar item, which can only be included in management fees and temporary construction, and there is no clear proportion. Although in 2005, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the State owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission jointly issued a document in the form of a regulatory document requiring enterprises to include safety protection costs in their costs and implement contract terms that conform to international practices, many Chinese enterprises still have a fluke mentality, and there is a phenomenon of "large budget, small investment, small budget, zero investment".

However, the construction and operation of overseas projects by enterprises in developed countries are all based on safety costs, which is generally 10% - 20% of the total cost. They prefer to increase investment and conduct safety assessment in advance, rather than ignore the cost in the matter and make up for it afterwards.

Construction enterprises are labor-intensive enterprises, which are most likely to be attacked by security. While the cost of construction safety in China is 1.5%, the final profit of overseas large-scale projects is only 5%. If the state does not coordinate the relationship between various ministries from the superstructure, it is difficult for enterprises to spontaneously solve the problem of high investment in overseas security.

（5） Lack of security consulting and services

At present, China lacks experienced, professional and international overseas security consulting and service providers. There are no more than 20 domestic security companies that really carry out overseas business, and the employees are mobile and have poor English skills. At the same time, because the state does not have a complete set of system guidance for security enterprises, domestic security enterprises are also plagued by a series of problems such as expatriate visas and laws.

3、 Where is the way out

（1） Accelerate top-level design

Under the leadership of senior national leaders, we will accelerate the top-level design of China's overseas security governance system, formulate a strategic plan for China's overseas security governance system, clear medium and long-term development goals, policy support systems, key tasks, and implementation roadmap.

（2） Improve relevant legislation

The State shall revise the Provisions on the Safety Management of Overseas Chinese funded Enterprises, Institutions and Personnel, clearly define the detailed rules for the security compliance of overseas Chinese funded enterprises and the evaluation criteria for overseas security investment, and the annual evaluation shall be jointly organized by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Commerce, the State Administration of Work Safety and the SASAC. We should adopt legislation to favor domestic security enterprises. For example, the army is encouraged to establish strategic cooperation with large private security enterprises. In addition to receiving employment from outstanding retired soldiers, the military can assist in training; Provide open shooting training channels for large private security enterprises; Strive to facilitate the visa issue of security personnel assigned abroad.

（3） Establish security network

An important step was taken to improve China's overseas security governance system by building a security network, an intelligence early warning network, a security training network, a medical network, an insurance network and a security science and technology network.

1. Security network

Cultivate a number of well-known overseas security consulting and service providers with international competitiveness. We will promote and organize joint investment by leading Chinese enterprises around the world, decentralize and reduce security costs, and build a security network around the world.

2. Intelligence early warning network

Collect public security information from overseas regions for early warning, provide risk monitoring, analysis, early warning and other services for Chinese funded enterprises by using national, market and other risk map technologies, and regularly release public information to domestic security enterprises, Chinese funded institutions (enterprises) and individuals.

3. Security training network

Conduct public welfare training for domestic security enterprises, Chinese funded institutions (enterprises) and individuals in terms of laws, religions, customs, etc. of the host country.

4. Medical network

In terms of public service, we will build a rescue medical network overseas for domestic security enterprises, Chinese funded institutions (enterprises) and individuals. At the same time, we will build a supporting commercial medical network overseas to provide commercial medical services for domestic security enterprise groups, Chinese funded institutions (enterprises) and individuals.

5. Insurance network

In terms of public welfare services, the rights and interests of domestic security enterprises, Chinese funded institutions (enterprises), individuals and other beneficiaries are protected through non-commercial insurance. At the same time, it has conducted in-depth strategic cooperation with large state-owned insurance enterprises to settle claims in commercial insurance. In 2015, there were 530000 migrant workers in China, each of whom received 200 yuan of compulsory overseas security insurance (assumed to be a prerequisite for outbound workers), so there was an insurance scale of 106 million yuan.

6. Security Technology Network

Through investment and innovation, we will research and develop international leading modern security technology and equipment with independent intellectual property rights to provide modern security technology support for Chinese enterprises stationed abroad.

（4） Establishment of China Overseas Security Fund

The establishment of an overseas security fund is an important starting point and support for China's overseas security governance system. It should be positioned as a national fund to provide support in risk assessment, emergency rescue, security, intelligence early warning, health care, insurance, legal support, security training, security audit, telecommunications, security technology and other service areas through market-oriented operation.

（5） Increase investment in consular protection

Consular protection involves religious, political, legal, economic, military, intelligence, financial, medical, scientific and technological and other work. Without the above expertise, consular protection cannot be effectively completed. The State should improve the system of consular protection as soon as possible, increase investment, strengthen the professional training of consular personnel stationed abroad, and gradually expand the number of personnel engaged in consular protection.

（6） Strengthen enterprise risk control awareness

Strengthen the awareness of enterprise risk management and control, strengthen management and control and make plans in terms of political risk, terrorism and social risk, economic risk, legal risk, environmental risk and medical and health risk. It is suggested that overseas Chinese funded enterprises should combine their own reality to build a complete chain of overseas security risk prevention. They should not only formulate hierarchical, complete and highly operable security risk prevention rules and regulations, but also improve the emergency response mechanism for emergencies. At the same time, they should formulate an emergency plan for overseas security emergencies of Chinese funded enterprises, so as to finally realize the systematization and institutionalization of overseas project security management by overseas Chinese funded enterprises.

（7） Cultivate domestic security enterprises

Allow Chinese security enterprises with international competitiveness to go abroad to undertake more security tasks, provide armed security guarantees for Chinese funded institutions and enterprises stationed abroad in high-risk areas, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation with the International Alliance for Security Norms.

4、 Security Mode Comparison

（1） Military operations

With the authorization of the United Nations and the consent of the Somali government, the Chinese navy has been escorting Somali pirates frequently in the Gulf of Aden since the end of 2008 to protect the safety of Chinese ships and humanitarian ships and personnel transported by the world organizations. However, the escort fleet dispatched by the Chinese Navy in Africa has not received professional training in carrying out such overseas security tasks, and lacks sufficient air drop capacity and manpower, which severely limits their ability to go deep into land operations. In addition, if military action is taken in a foreign country, it will have a certain political impact, including international law and the possible infringement of sovereignty caused by the use of force in a foreign country, which generally requires the authorization of the United Nations and the consent of the government of the country concerned.

（2） Foreign professional security enterprises

Large international professional security (safety) enterprises have earlier provided overseas security services for Chinese funded enterprises, especially some large state-owned enterprises, with a wide range of contents, including risk assessment, safety training, on-site protection, security audit, emergency evacuation and other services. These foreign professional security (safety) enterprises are characterized by standardized management and high fees, and they occupy most of the security market outside China.

（3） China's professional security enterprises

Cultural identity, language communication, high political literacy, high professional skills, moderate fees, and gradually standardized management are the characteristics of China's professional security enterprises. However, China's professional security enterprises are still lack of international competitiveness, and it is difficult to recruit qualified security personnel meeting foreign language requirements in the market.

At the same time, China's professional security enterprises still lack sufficient intelligence early warning support, that is, to provide enterprises with risk monitoring, analysis and early warning services through national, market and other risk map technologies.

Introduction to Armed Escort of Beijing Yindun Security Group

In 2014, Beijing Yindun Security Group launched its armed escort business at sea, which created a new chapter for Chinese armed security guards to escort Chinese ocean going ships, and became one of the first domestic enterprises to independently undertake armed escort business, forcing western maritime security companies to reduce escort costs, saving Chinese ocean going companies a lot of costs.

The escorts of Beijing Yindun Security Group are excellent ex servicemen from the Marine Corps, the Army Special Forces and the Armed Police Special Police Force. They have obtained escort related certificates through strict training, have the qualification and ability to independently complete escort tasks, and have been unanimously recognized by customers at home and abroad with a high degree of loyalty, strict discipline, excellent quality and high-quality service, and are highly praised by the crew.

Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime has set up bases and offices at various important transit ports in the Indian Ocean to provide ships with various port berthing services and replenish ships with food, fresh water, oil and other urgently needed materials at any time;

Beijing Dispatching Center shall provide accurate anti piracy security situation analysis and regional meteorological and hydrological data for escort ships at any time; The Security Risk Assessment Center can provide customers with relevant national and regional security information, provide Chinese overseas customers with correct and scientific security risk assessment reports and information support in Chinese, English, German and other languages, and formulate crisis disposal plans according to customer needs.

The company also established Anti Piracy Information Monthly and Information Weekly to provide timely and reliable information support for customers. Beijing Yindun Security Group Maritime is the first Chinese member of the International Code of Conduct Association (ICoCA) of private security companies and the Maritime Security Industry Association (SAMI), and the first Chinese enterprise to pass the ISO/PAS 28000/28007 system certification of Lloyd's Group.

The development of security overseas security business of Beijing Yindun Security Group marks that China's armed security has officially gone abroad, and has established the brand of Yindun Haibao in the international security field, as well as the brand of China's armed security!

In addition to security, guard, equipment leasing, maritime armed escort, etc., Beijing Yindun Security Group also carried out overseas training and other related services.

The Armed Escort Business Department of Beijing Yindun Security Group is a security service enterprise specializing in armed escort. With first-class equipment and management system, it is one of the professional security escort service enterprises with the largest scale, the strongest comprehensive strength and the highest technical level in China. Its main business includes special cargo transportation services; Guard service; Safety information consultation; Technical training; Escort of securities, valuables, etc.